A small electric shock can induce ventricular fibrillation in the dogs and that more charges would reverse their condition. This was first discovered by Prevost and Batelli in 1899, in Switzerland. However, in 1956, when the alternating current was first used for transthoracic defibrillation to treat ventricular fibrillation in humans. Following the breakthrough, defibrillators with direct current were introduced into clinical practice around the year 1962 when the demonstration was carried that electrical cardioversion or countershock across the closed chest can finish other cardiac arrhythmias with ventricular fibrillation. Later on, Diack et al. explained the first experience with an automated external defibrillator. Subsequently, more studies provided many pieces of evidence on the potential of these devices in the early defibrillation and survival.

Different Types of defibrillators

Defibrillators of most kinds are energy-based, meaning that the device charges a capacitor to a selected voltage and then delivers a pre-specified amount of energy. The energy that arrives at the myocardium is dependent on the voltage selected and the transthoracic impedance.

Cardioversion and defibrillation

Existing European Society of Cardiology and AHA guidelines suggest the adhering to preliminary power choice for certain arrhythmias:

• For atrial fibrillation, around 120 to 200 joules for biphasic devices as well as 200 joules for monophasic tools are required.

• For atrial flutter, about 50 to 100 joules for biphasic gadgets and 100 joules for monophasic gadgets.

• About 100 joules for biphasic devices and 200 joules for monophasic gadgets are required in case of For ventricular tachycardia with a pulse.

• For ventricular fibrillation, at the very least 150 joules for biphasic gadgets and 360 joules for monophasic gadgets.

Cardioversion is most commonly used for the therapy of atrial fibrillation as well as the advancement of biphasic defibrillators verified to be extremely helpful. At least two randomised tests illustrated the advantage of the biphasic waveform when compared to rising monophasic shocks. Initial shock efficiency was better with a biphasic waveform, delivered energy was half less, as well as the general cardioversion rate was greater at 94 versus 79 per cent. There were fewer overall shocks, less power supplied (217 versus 548 joules), and a reduced regularity of dermal injury (17 versus 41 per cent).

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